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Lunar Prospector

Activities|Age/Grade|Facts|Fun|Links|Objectives|Questions|Quiz|Related Topics|Summary|Vocabulary

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Summary of Article

The Moon is Earth's "backyard" neighbor. But how much do we really know about this celestial body? In January 1998, Lunar Prospector blasted off from the Kennedy Space Center, headed for the Moon. This latest space probe from NASA's "better, faster, cheaper" missions will hopefully answer questions left from the Apollo missions. This article provides a diagram of the Lunar Prospector spacecraft and discusses the five instruments aboard. The article also talks about the mission and questions scientists hope to answer. At the end of the article there is a page devoted to links to Web sites that offer more information on Prospector.

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Suggested Age/Grade Levels

Age Level: 11 - 18
Grade Level: 6th grade - 12th grade

Related Topics

History
Discuss the US space program with a focus on the Apollo program. Physics
Discuss the physics of space travel. Earth and Space Science
Discuss how Earth is different from the Moon and other planets in our solar system.

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Objectives

After studying the article, students should be able to:
  • Name the first man to walk on the Moon.
  • Discuss the beginning of lunar exploration and name at least two of the three US missions to the Moon.
  • Name at least four items that the lunar experiments from the Apollo missions addressed.
  • Name the two most recent lunar missions.
  • Name at least three of the five instruments aboard Prospector.
  • Discuss how long the Prospector mission will last, what it is looking for, and what this may mean for the future use of the Moon.

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Classroom Activities

Create Your Own Lunar Spacecraft

The following classroom activity is part of the NASA Lunar Prospector education site. Your classroom can create its own lunar spacecraft and choose a place to land it on the Moon.

Background
Students are given the challenge to plan a mission to the Moon. In this activity, teams of students design a spacecraft, choose a suitable lunar landing site, and present their ideas before the entire class. Final presentations should include speeches and visual aids, such as maps, diagrams, and three-dimensional models.

In Class
Lead a discussion on what the students need to know about the Moon and potential landing sites before landing. A review of the Apollo sites may help initiate a discussion.

After presenting the scenario and tasks to the class, form cooperative teams of 3-4 students. Each student will have assigned duties, as described on the reproducible "Team Duty Sheet." For the presentations, either 3-D models or poster-size diagrams can be made, depending on resources and time. Any one or all of the team members may participate in the presentations.

Scenario: NASA has given you the assignment to develop a spacecraft that can fly people safely to the Moon, land, and return to Earth. You must select a safe, yet interesting, lunar landing site for the spacecraft.

Size, mass, propulsion, number of crew, life support systems, and methods of takeoff and landing should be considered for the spacecraft. Geology, terrain, safety, and length of stay should be considered for the lunar landing site.

Wrap-up
1. How do the sites chosen by the class compare in location and geologic diversity with the Apollo sites?

2. What made some of the spacecraft designs and landing sites in this activity more risky than others?

3. Are these lunar landing sites good for short-term visits only, or could these sites be appropriate for lunar base development?

Suggestion for expanding this activity: The spacecraft designs could be conducted as a spin-off of the "egg-drop" contest. Each spacecraft is constructed to hold and protect one raw egg. The egg must remain unbroken after landing from a high drop (perhaps a second-story balcony).

For more lesson plans and suggested activities, please visit the NASA lunar homepage, which has an entire section dedicated to educators (includes teacher's guides).

http://lunar.arc.nasa.gov/education/lessons/index.html
*You must have Adobe Acrobat Reader on your computer to download the information.
Click here to download Acrobat.

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Questions for Discussion

Q: NASA's Pioneer 4 was the first US spacecraft to come close to the Moon. Can you name other US missions that actually photographed the lunar surface?
A: The Ranger, Surveyor, and Lunar Orbiter missions photographed the Moon's surface.

Q: Did the Apollo astronauts leave anything on the Moon? Did they bring anything back to Earth from the Moon?
A: Apollo 11 astronauts left an American flag on the lunar surface. As a result of the six human landings on the Moon's surface, more than 400 kg (882 lbs.) of lunar samples (their weight on Earth) were brought back to Earth to be studied.

Q: What were the two most recent missions that brought new data back to Earth about the Moon?
A: On its way to Jupiter, the Galileo space probe made two lunar flybys. Each time, the probe took pictures of the Moon. In 1994, the spacecraft Clementine was sent to the Moon. Data from the Clementine mission suggest that the lunar south pole may harbor deposits of water ice. Looking for water is one of Prospector's major objectives.

Q: How long will Prospector orbit the Moon?
A: Prospector will orbit the Moon's surface at an altitude of 63 miles for one year. After that year, it will drop down to an elliptical orbit and continue to collect data. After its fuel is burned, it will crash into the lunar surface.

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Quiz

Click here for a Lunar Prospector quiz.
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Just the Facts

It took Prospector five days to reach the Moon.

Lunar Prospector has five instruments aboard, but will conduct six experiments throughout its duration. The Doppler gravity experiment requires no extra instrumentation.

The Apollo missions brought back more than 400 kg (882 lbs.) of lunar samples. (This is the weight of the samples on Earth.)

Prospector will orbit above the Moon's surface at an altitude of 63 miles for one year.

Since the Apollo missions, only 25 percent of the lunar surface has been mapped.

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Links to Relevant Web Sites and Additional Resources

http://observe.ivv.nasa.gov/nasa/space/prospector/lunar11.html

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Vocabulary

lunar: of, involving, caused by, or affecting the Moon.

Apollo: Greek mythological god of prophecy, music, medicine, and poetry; name given to the NASA manned Moon missions that took place from 1969 to 1972.

Neil Armstrong: first man to walk on the Moon, in July 1969; commander of Apollo 11.

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For Fun

Just for fun, play our Lunar Prospector Wordsearch game.
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